Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco

Douglas-fir

WFO wfo-0000478194 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Shane Johnson
fig. a Shane Johnson, CC0 1.0 / 2022-06-06 / obs. 204746028
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. b Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204033116
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Andy Jordan
fig. c Andy Jordan, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205359054
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Shane Johnson
fig. d Shane Johnson, CC0 1.0 / obs. 204738954
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Shane Johnson
fig. e Shane Johnson, CC0 1.0 / obs. 204668998
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. f Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204034023
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Erin Springinotic
fig. g Erin Springinotic, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203982822
Pseudotsuga menziesii, photographed by Loopy30
fig. h Loopy30, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 203687590

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Also published as 107 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Abies californica Steud.
  • Abies douglasii (Sabine ex D.Don) Lindl.
  • Abies douglasii var. fastigiata (Knight ex Carrière) Gordon
  • Abies douglasii var. pendula (Neumann) J.Nelson
  • Abies douglasii var. taxifolia (Lamb.) Lindl.
  • Abies drummondii Gordon
  • Abies lindleyana (Roezl) A.Murray bis
  • Abies menziesii Mirb.
  • Abies mucronata Raf.
  • Abies mucronata var. palustris Raf.
  • Abies obliqua Bong. ex Gordon
  • Abies obliquata Raf. ex Gordon
  • Abies standishiana K.Koch
  • Abies taxifolia Poir.
  • Abies taxifolia C.Presl
  • Abies taxifolia var. pendula Neumann
  • Abietia douglasii (Sabine ex D.Don) A.H.Kent
  • Abietia douglasii var. fastigiata (Knight ex Carrière) A.H.Kent
  • Abietia douglasii var. glauca (Beissn.) A.H.Kent
  • Abietia douglasii var. pendula (Neumann) A.H.Kent
  • Picea douglasii (Sabine ex D.Don) Link
  • Pinus douglasii Sabine ex D.Don
  • Pinus douglasii var. brevibracteata Antoine
  • Pinus douglasii var. pendula (Neumann) Parl.

and 83 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.