Toxicodendron radicans(L.) Kuntze

eastern poison ivy

WFO wfo-0001049365 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY In the accuracy benchmark

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Mark G
fig. a Mark G, CC0 1.0 / 2022-06-12 / obs. 205567739
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Violet T.
fig. b Violet T., CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205308984
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Matthew Gerke
fig. c Matthew Gerke, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205180574
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by aerospaceeb
fig. d aerospaceeb, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205137977
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by florawhite
fig. e florawhite, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204273129
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Robert Roach
fig. f Robert Roach, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205109273
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Dilrukshan Priyantha Wijesinghe
fig. g Dilrukshan Priyantha Wijesinghe, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204145044
Toxicodendron radicans, photographed by Annika Lindqvist
fig. h Annika Lindqvist, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205498408

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Flowering n = 1,273 observations

Peak flowering in May, from 1,273 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 69 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Cotinus radicans Borkh.
  • Philostemon lutescens Raf.
  • Philostemon radicans Raf.
  • Ptelea pentandra DC.
  • Rhus blodgettii Kearney
  • Rhus divaricata (Greene) McNair
  • Rhus excisa Thunb.
  • Rhus eximia Standl.
  • Rhus floridana Mearns
  • Rhus greenei McNair
  • Rhus humilis Salisb.
  • Rhus littoralis Mearns
  • Rhus radicans L.
  • Rhus radicans f. hypomalaca Fernald
  • Rhus radicans f. intercursa Fernald
  • Rhus radicans f. malacotrichocarpa (A.H.Moore) Fernald
  • Rhus radicans f. negundo (Greene) Fernald
  • Rhus radicans subsp. negundo (Greene) McNeill
  • Rhus radicans var. divaricata (Greene) Fernald
  • Rhus radicans var. laetevirens (Greene) Fernald
  • Rhus radicans var. littoralis (Mearns) Deam
  • Rhus radicans var. microcarpa (Michx.) DC.
  • Rhus radicans var. pubens (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Fernald
  • Rhus radicans var. verrucosa (Scheele) Fernald

and 45 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.