Viola aduncaSm.

hookedspur violet

WFO wfo-0001144419 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Viola adunca, photographed by Carol Ann Vermeer
fig. a Carol Ann Vermeer, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-11 / obs. 205438401
Viola adunca, photographed by mfeaver
fig. b mfeaver, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205633339
Viola adunca, photographed by Sean Frey
fig. c Sean Frey, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204246632
Viola adunca, photographed by mfeaver
fig. d mfeaver, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205581623
Viola adunca, photographed by Mary Krieger
fig. e Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205659830
Viola adunca, photographed by Mary Krieger
fig. f Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 206028316
Viola adunca, photographed by Mary Krieger
fig. g Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204546646
Viola adunca, photographed by Cecelia Alexander
fig. h Cecelia Alexander, CC0 1.0 / obs. 204009889

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Flowering n = 2,316 observations

Peak flowering in May, from 2,316 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 50 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Lophion aduncum (Sm.) Nieuwl. & Lunell
  • Lophion aduncum var. glabrum (Brainerd) Nieuwl. & Lunell
  • Viola adunca f. adunca
  • Viola adunca f. albiflora Vict. & J.Rousseau
  • Viola adunca f. glabra (Brainerd) G.N.Jones
  • Viola adunca subsp. adunca
  • Viola adunca subsp. ashtonae M.S.Baker
  • Viola adunca subsp. oxyceras (S.Watson) Piper
  • Viola adunca subsp. radicosa M.S.Baker
  • Viola adunca subsp. uncinulata (Greene) Applegate
  • Viola adunca var. adunca
  • Viola adunca var. cascadensis (M.S.Baker) C.L.Hitchc.
  • Viola adunca var. glabra Brainerd
  • Viola adunca var. longipes Rydb.
  • Viola adunca var. oxyceras (S.Watson) Jeps.
  • Viola adunca var. uncinulata (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.
  • Viola aduncoides Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Viola bellidifolia Greene
  • Viola bellidifolia subsp. valida M.S.Baker
  • Viola canina var. adunca (Sm.) A.Gray
  • Viola canina var. longipes (Nutt.) S.Watson
  • Viola canina var. oxyceras S.Watson
  • Viola canina var. puberula S.Watson
  • Viola cardaminefolia Greene

and 26 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.